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Florence
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There are many hundreds of books about Florence and the Florentine Renaissance. Here are some suggestions - you may find some of the old ones on your bookshelves already.
 
Art & Architecture
Kenneth Clark, Civilisation, London, 1969 (Chapter 4: 'Man - the Measure of All Things')

E.H. Gombrich, The Story of Art, Phaidon (Chapters 10 and 12)

Various contributors, The World of Renaissance Florence, Florence, 1999
P. and L. Murray, The Art of the Renaissance, T&H World of Art
P. and L. Murray, Renaissance Architecture, T&H World of Art
Roberta Olsen, Renaissance Sculpture, T&H World of Art
Various contributors, Dictionary of the Italian Renaissance, T&H World of Art
Charles Avery, Florentine Renaissance Sculpture, London, 1970
Ross King, Brunelleschi's Dome, London, 2001
(Looks technological but is surprisingly fascinating and wide-ranging.)
Giorgio Vasari, The Lives of the Artists, (two ed's: Penguin; Oxford World's Classics)
 
For monographs on particular Florentine Artists, try:
Phaidon Colour Library Series (priced at about £5.95 each).
Included in this series is: Italian Renaissance Painting by Sara Elliott
 
History
Baldassare Castiglione, The Book of the Courtier, 1528, trans. George Bull, Penguin
(Not Florentine, but a key text in Renaissance thinking)
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513, first published 1532
(Written while in exile from government after the return of Medici rule. Still quite shocking in its cool and semi-ironic dissection of the world of politics.)
Jacob Burckhardt, The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy, 1860
(Probably the single most influential book on its subject, this study more or less invented the idea of the 'Renaissance')
Walter Pater, The Renaissance, 1873
(Pater had to suppress his famous 'Preface' to this book of essays because it was thought to be too inflammatory for young persons)
Iris Origo, The Merchant of Prato
(Not specifically about Florence (Prato is about twenty miles to the north) but a famous and readable study of an early Renaissance merchant and his life)
Christopher Hibbert, The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici, Penguin, 1974
Christopher Hibbert, Florence: The Biography of a City, Penguin, 1993
(Lively and interesting, but uneven in focus and too heavy (1.25 kilos))
David Leavitt: Florence, A Delicate Case (2002)
(Very precious, but interesting on the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Anglo-Florentine community)
Frances Stonor Saunders: Hawkwood: Diabolical Englishman (2004)
(Wide-ranging life of this ruthless mercenary, whose equestrian portrait by Uccello is in Florence's Cathedral)
 
Guide Books and General Studies
Mary McCarthy: The Stones of Florence and Venice Observed (1972)
(I thought this was out of print, but I see that it is available through Amazon and presumably other bookshops or public libraries. It's a long time since I read this, but I remember it as a very informative and lively book about the architecture and history of Florence, and I'm looking forward to reading it again)
The Rough Guide to Florence
(Excellent pocket-sized guidebook, with good advice on restaurants, etc.)
The Blue Guide to Florence
(More 'serious' than the Rough Guide, with more detail on paintings and buildings)
Eve Borsook, The Companion Guide to Florence
(Set out in the form of 'walks' but very informative on history and background)
 
Poetry
If you happen to like nineteenth-century poetry then Elizabeth Barrett Browning's 'Casa Guidi Windows' and Robert Browning's poems 'Fra Lippo Lippi' and 'Andrea del Sarto' are all set in Florence. The Brownings lived at Casa Guidi, near the Pitti Palace from 1847 till Elizabeth's death in 1861. It can be visited, but not in winter when it is available for rent from the Landmark Trust.
 
Novels
George Eliot: Romola (1862-3)
(This is by no means as great a book as Middlemarch, but it is set in fifteenth-century Florence during the turbulent times of Savonarola, and shows how the Victorians were fascinated by Renaissance Italy. I confidently recommended this book in 2002, having found it interesting as a student, but when tried to reread it, I discovered I now lacked the patience to persevere with its turgid progress.)
E.M. Forster: A Room with a View (1908)
(A novel about how the experience of Italy affects a diverse group of English tourists. The Merchant-Ivory film is available as a video and is full of good performances. Forster's Where Angels Fear to Tread is set in Tuscany, and has also been made into an agreeable film.)
Magdalen Nabb, Death of an Englishman, and many other titles
(Like Donna Leon's detective fiction about Venice, Nabb uses Florence and the surrounding countryside as the backdrop for murders, skulduggery and mysteries, all duly solved by the tenacious Marshal Guarnaccia. Good on atmosphere and the heavy hand of history in Italian life. )
Linda Proud: A Tabernacle for the Sun: A Novel Set in Florence in the Time of Lorenzo de' Medici, 1472-1478 (Alison and Busby, 1997)
Linda Proud: Pallas & the Centaur: A Novel Set in Italy in the Time of Lorenzo de' Medici 1478-1480 (Alison and Busby, 2004)
Susan Vreeland: The Passion of Artemisia (Headline, 2002)
Sarah Dunant: The Birth of Venus (Virago, 2004)